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Retraction Note: Energy optimization in smart urban buildings using bio-inspired ant colony optimization

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-026-11202-4

Published Online: 2026-01-21

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Khan, Fakhri Alam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-1874
Ullah, Kifayat

Rahman, Atta ur

Anwar, Sajid
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-01-21

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Article History

First Online: 21 January 2026

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