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Article History

Received: 29 December 2023

Accepted: 23 February 2024

First Online: 17 April 2024

Conflict of interest

: S. Kasper declares that in the past 3 years he has served as a consultant or on advisory boards for Angelini, Biogen, Boehringer, Esai, Janssen, IQVIA, Mylan, Recordati, Rovi, Sage and Schwabe and he has served on speakers bureaus for Angelini, Aspen Farmaceutica S.A., Biogen, Janssen, Recordati, Schwabe, Servier, Sothema, and Sun Pharma. Without relevance to this work, P. Baldinger-Melich has received research grants within the last 3 years from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), the Brain and Behaviour Research Foundation (NARSAD Young Investigator Grant) and the Medical-Scientific Fund of the Mayor of the Federal Capital Vienna, and a travel grant from Janssen. M. Spies has received travel grants from AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals, Janssen and Austroplant and speaker/workshop honoraria from Janssen, Austroplant and Eli Lilly. She is a board member of the Austrian Society of Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. R. Frey has received speaker’s honoraria, consultation fees and travel support from Janssen and he acted as principal investigator (PI) in the ESCAPE-TRD investigation, a multicenter study, sponsored by Janssen. In addition, he has been PI for LivaNova, Alkermes and for the Medical-Scientific Fund of the Mayor of the Federal Capital Vienna (academic study). Speaker’s honoraria have been paid by Lundbeck. D. Rujescu served as consultant for Janssen, received honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim, Gerot Lannacher, Janssen and Pharmagenetix, received travel support from Angelini and Janssen, and served on advisory boards of AC Immune, Roche and Rovi. I. Bozic declares that she has no competing interests.