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Article History

Received: 25 November 2024

Accepted: 11 April 2025

First Online: 21 May 2025

Conflict of interest

: L. Kazemi-Shirazi has been a principal investigator for studies sponsored by SigmaTau, Sanofi, Tigenix and FALK; has received lecture feesfrom MSD, AbbVie, Ferring, MerckSerono/Dr Falk, Chiesi, Novartis, Roche, Abbott, Phadia Austria/Thermo Fisher Scientific, CSL-Behring , Janssen-Cilag Pharma, Vertex; has received non-financial support from Mylan, Abbott, MSD, Gilead, MerckSerono/Dr Falk, Novartis, Pfizer, Janssen-Cilag Pharma, Chiesi, Shire, Abbvie, Takeda, Vertex, Astropharma; M. Trauner: speaker for Falk Foundation, Gilead, GSK, Intercept, Ipsen Madrigal and MSD; advised for Agomab, Albireo, BiomX, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chemomab, Falk Pharma GmbH, Genfit, Gilead, Intercept, Ipsen, Jannsen, MSD, Novartis, Phenex, Regulus and Shire. Travel grants from Abbvie, Falk, Gilead and Intercept and research grants from Albireo, Alnylam, Cymabay, Falk, Gilead, Intercept, MSD Takeda and UltraGenyx. He is also co-inventor of patents on the medical use of NorUDCA filed by the Medical Universities of Graz and Vienna.; H. Schlager received consulting fees from Falk Pharma and MedTronic. W. Reinisch reports being a speaker for AbbVie, Aptalis, Astellas, Celltrion, Danone Austria, Elan, Falk Pharma, Ferring, Immundiagnostik, Medice, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD, Otsuka, PDL, Pharmacosmos, PLS Education, Schering-Plough, Shire, Takeda, Therakos, Vifor, and Yakult; has served as a consultant for AbbVie, Agomab, Algernon, AltruBio, Amgen, AM Pharma, AMT, AOP Orphan, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Avaxia, Roland Berger, Bioclinica, Biogen IDEC, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Calyx, Cellerix, Chemocentryx, Celgene, Celltrion, Covance, Danone Austria, DSM, Elan, Eli Lilly, Ernst & Young, Falk Pharma, Ferring, Fresenius, Galapagos, Gatehouse Bio, Genentech, Gilead, Grünenthal, ICON, Index Pharma, Inova, Intrinsic Imaging, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Landos Biopharma, Lipid Therapeutics, LivaNova, Mallinckrodt, Medahead, MedImmune, Millenium, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD, Nash Pharmaceuticals, Nestle, Nippon Kayaku, Novartis, Ocera, OMass, Otsuka, Parexel, PDL, Periconsulting, Pharmacosmos, Pfizer, Procter & Gamble, Prometheus, Protagonist, Provention, Quell Therapeutics, Robarts Clinical Trial, Sandoz, Schering-Plough, Second Genome, Seres Therapeutics, Setpointmedical, Sigmoid, Sublimity, Takeda, Teva Pharma, Therakos, Theravance, Tigenix, UCB, Vifor, Zealand, Zyngenia, and 4SC; has served as an advisory board member for AbbVie, Aesca, Amgen, AM Pharma, Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Avaxia, Biogen IDEC, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cellerix, Chemocentryx, Celgene, Celltrion, Danone Austria, DSM, Elan, Ferring, Galapagos, Genentech, Grünenthal, Inova, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Lipid Therapeutics, MedImmune, Millenium, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD, Nestle, Novartis, Ocera, Otsuka, PDL, Pharmacosmos, Pfizer, Procter & Gamble, Prometheus, Sandoz, Schering-Plough, Second Genome, Setpointmedical, Takeda, Therakos, Tigenix, UCB, Zealand, Zyngenia, and 4SC; and has received research funding from AbbVie, Janssen, MSD, Sandoz, and Takeda. ; G. Novacek has received consulting fees from AbbVie, MSD, Takeda, Janssen, Sandoz, Pfizer, Astro Pharma, Falk Pharma, Ferring, Gilead, Galapagos and Vifor; P. Schreiner received consulting fees from Falk Pharma, Sanofi, Galapagos, Pfizer, Takeda, Abbvie, Janssen-Cilag and Ferring. L. Neumann, R. Brader, C. Primas, K. Wisniowski, J. Maurer, J. Pokryszka, and C. Dejaco declare that they have no competing interests.