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Article History

Accepted: 25 August 2025

First Online: 17 October 2025

Change Date: 31 October 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this article has been revised: The name of the author Daniel Moritz Felsenreich was incorrectly tagged. This has been corrected.

Conflict of interest

: M. Mandorfer received grant support from Echosens, served as a speaker and/or consultant and/or advisory board member for AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Echosens, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Ipsen, Takeda, and W. L. Gore & Associates, and received travel support from AbbVie and Gilead. G. Semmler received travel support from Amgen. E. Aigner served as speaker and/or advisory board member for Sanofi-Aventis, Gilead, Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Falk Pharma, Amicus, Takeda, and Roche and received travel support from Sanofi-Aventis, Gilead, Eli Lilly, Boehringer, Bayer, Falk Pharma, Amicus, Takeda, and Roche. A. Bräuer served as speaker and/or consultant and/or advisory board member for Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk and received travel support from Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and Novo Nordisk. J. Maria Brix served as speaker and/or consultant and/or advisory board member for AstraZeneca, Dexcom, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Medtronic, and Novo Nordisk. M. Effenberger served as a speaker and/or consultant and/or advisory board member for Ipsen and received travel support from Ipsen. A. Maieron served as speaker and/or consultant and/or advisory board member for Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, MSD, and Madrigal. B. Ludvik received grant support from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Madrigal, Eli Lilly, and Amgen and served as a speaker/advisor for AstraZeneca, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and Novo Nordisk. M. Peck-Radosavljevic served as speaker and/or advisory board member for AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Eisai, Falk, Gilead, Ipsen, Intercept-Advanz, Merz, MSD, Roche, Sanofi, Shionogi, and Sobi. L. Stechemesser served as speaker and/or consultant and/or advisory board member for Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and Novo Nordisk. M. Trauner received grant support from Albireo, Alnylam, Cymabay, Falk Pharma, Genentech, Gilead, Intercept, MSD, Takeda and UltraGenyx; honoraria for consulting from AbbVie, Albireo, Agomab, Alfasigma, Boehringer Ingelheim, BiomX, Chemomab, Dexoligo Therapeutics, Falk Pharma, Genfit, Gilead, GSK, Hightide, Intercept, Ipsen, Janssen, Mirum, MSD, Novartis, Phenex, Pliant, Rectify, Regulus, ProQR Therapeutics, Siemens, and Shire; speaker fees from Albireo, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Falk Foundation, Gilead, Ipsen, Intercept, Mirum, MSD, and Madrigal as well as travel support from AbbVie, Falk Foundation, Gilead, Jannsen, Intercept, and Ipsen. He is also co-inventor of patents on the medical use of 24-norursodeoxycholic acid (service inventions as employee) filed by the Medical University of Graz. H. Hofer served as a speaker and/or advisory board member for AbbVie, Falk Pharma, Gilead, Ipsen, Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Madrigal, and received travel support from Abbvie, Falk Pharma, Gilead, Ipsen, Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Madrigal. F.W. Kiefer served as speaker and/or consultant and/or advisory board member for AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi Aventis. P. Fasching served as speaker and/or consultant and/or advisory board member for Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and Novo Nordisk and received travel support from Boehringer Ingelheim and Novo Nordisk. M. Roden received grant support for investigator-initiated research from Boehringer Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi-Aventis to the German Diabetes Center (DDZ) and served as a speaker and/or consultant and/or advisory board member for AstraZeneca, Echosens, Eli Lilly, Madrigal, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Synlab, and Target RWE. M. Clodi, C. Datz, D. Moritz Felsenreich, C. Ress, T.-M. Scherzer, H. Sourij, M. Wagner, and H. Tilg have nothing to disclose.

: For this article no studies with human participants or animals were performed by any of the authors. All studies mentioned were in accordance with the ethical standards indicated in each case.