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Article History

Received: 3 December 2025

Accepted: 25 February 2026

First Online: 18 March 2026

Conflict of interest

: H. Zheng, M. Si and Q. Wang declare that they have no competing interests.

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study. All procedures involving human subjects were performed in compliance with institutional and national ethical standards. No animal experiments were conducted in this study.

: Not applicable.