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Article History

Received: 11 May 2026

Accepted: 13 May 2026

First Online: 13 June 2026

Declarations

:

: D. Grassmann, B. Hallmann, T. Hamp, M. Krammel, P. Puchwein, and M. Rigaud are members of the instructor faculty of the Viennese Resuscitative Thoracotomy (VieRT) Course. D. Grassmann is the course director of the VieRT Course, received surgical instruments for training purposes by B. Braun Austria, and received an unrestricted medical educational grant by Teleflex. D. Wiedemann declared the following potential conflicts of interest (all unrelated to the topic of resuscitative thoracotomy): lecture honoraria from Abiomed, Abbott, LivaNova, and Edwards Lifesciences; advisory board member Xenios/Fresenius; research grant by Medtronics to the Department of Cardiac Surgery at the University Hospital St. Pölten (Director and department chair: D. Wiedemann). M. Krammel received lecture honoraria from Stryker and Zoll. S. Watzka received lecture honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Merck Sharp & Dohme. M.W. Dünser is section editor with the Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift but was not involved in the editorial management of this manuscript. P. Eller, P. Eisenburger, R. Erblich, M. Halmich, K. Hellwagner, K. Herbich, H. Herkner, I. Knez, L.L. Negrin, J. Schlieber, S. Schnaubelt, W. Schreiber, A.-M. Stommel, F. Tomaselli, H. Trimmel, C. Veigl and W. Voelckel declare that they have no competing interests.

: Not applicable.