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Article History

Received: 19 August 2024

Accepted: 18 November 2024

First Online: 25 November 2024

Declarations

:

: This research originated as part of the Health Promotion Administration’s project aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of public policy. In accordance with the human research guidelines established by Taiwan’s Ministry of Health and Welfare, this project was categorized as an “evaluation and research commissioned by a professional organization,” thereby exempting it from individual consent requirements. The assessment tools developed through this project were integrated into the routine practice of palliative care wards and are currently utilized as daily evaluation instruments. This retrospective study received was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Changhua Christian Hospital (IRB No: 220118). In compliance with ethical standards and to ensure patient privacy, all identifying information was encoded and anonymized prior to analysis. The authors affirm that all procedures were performed in accordance with relevant ethical guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.