Chen, Hui-Mei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3907-6646
Tian, Jiu-Yun
Gao, Wei-Ling
Deng, Zih-Yun
Ho, Pei-Shan
Lin, Yi-Yun
Article History
Received: 24 October 2024
Accepted: 3 March 2025
First Online: 17 March 2025
Declarations
:
: This study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Study ID Number: VGHIRB 98–12-15A for lung cancer; TPEVGH IRB 2017–04-001A for esophageal cancer; TPEVGH IRB 2020–10-006A for gastric cancer; and TPEVGH IRB 2021–12-005A for pancreas cancer), and Research Ethics Committee D of National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Study ID Number: NTUH-REC 110–146-E). All patients provided informed consent prior to the study and were informed that they were free to withdraw for any reason.
: The authors declare no competing interests.