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Authors
Liu, Yuqi
Yu, Feiping
Qiao, Shiman
Zhang, Dan
Su, Yonggang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2022QC196)
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Article History
Received: 19 January 2025
Accepted: 24 June 2025
First Online: 7 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study received the ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing and Rehabilitation of Shandong University before data collection began, and ethical principles such as informed consent were strictly followed during the study (Ethics Approval number: 2021-R-102). The study followed the Declaration of Helsinki on ethical standards. Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
