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Authors
Jing, Jie
Li, Mohan
Rui, Yehao
Wang, Danruo
Zhu, Qiuchen
Yuan, Ling
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research project on Fine Management and Evaluation of Public Hospitals (NIHA23JXH020)
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Article History
Received: 20 April 2025
Accepted: 29 August 2025
First Online: 18 September 2025
Declarations
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: All methods used in this study involving participants and data analysis were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and its future amendments. This research was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School (No. 2023-047-01). The authors highlighted the assurance of maintaining participants’ confidentiality and anonymity.
: Prior to executing written informed consent, all participants (or their caregivers) underwent comprehensive protocol disclosure detailing the study objectives and procedures.
: All authors reviewed the manuscript and approved the final version submitted for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
