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Authors
Yamashita, Akiho https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8051-9438
Kaku, Masayuki https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6123-1043
Otsuka, Misato
Matsumoto, Eriko
Nakao, Kayo
Inoue, Satomi
Terada, Yuki
Nakao, Mifumi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3714-7308
Tomitaka, Etsushi
Uemura, Naoki
Sakai, Tatsunori
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Article History
Received: 26 April 2025
Accepted: 21 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Ethical Guidelines for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects, and with the approval of the NHO Kumamoto Medical Center Ethics Review Committee (Date: September 25, 2024; number: 1309).
: As this was a retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study, the requirement for informed consent was waived. Instead, we applied the opt-out method, allowing individuals to decline their participation in the research via the NHO Kumamoto Medical Center website.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
