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Authors
McCall, Maura K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8155-6793
Destin, Demesvar
Miller, Megan E.
Schumacher, Fredrick R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3073-7463
Thompson, Cheryl L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6896-2367
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Article History
Received: 9 April 2025
Accepted: 24 September 2025
First Online: 20 November 2025
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in studies involving participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The University Hospitals Institutional Review Board approved the protocol for the UHCMC cohort parent study and this study. The protocol number is 02–05-11. The PSCI protocol was approved by the Penn State University IRB STUDY00024191. Participant informed consent was obtained/verified within REDCap® by completing the anonymous survey.
: All participants in the UHCMC study provided their informed consent prior to any data collection. All participants for the PSCI study provided their informed consent prior to any data collection.
: N/A.
: The authors have no financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
