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Authors
Saber, Abdulmalik Fareeq https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0300-0185
Hamad, Abdulqader Hussein https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5986-7803
Ali, Ahmed Naif https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0893-4559
Hussein, Safin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8513-2907
Qurbani, Karzan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2156-6826
Ahmed, Sirwan Khalid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8361-0546
Hasan, Hardi Abdulqadir https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3286-3824
Mahmod, Azzadin Kamal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7138-684X
Abdullah, Khaleel Sakran https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8600-0639
Shekha, Mohammed Hawla https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8438-4607
Zidane, Mohammed Madlool https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4129-1413
Hafedh, Mariam https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2935-9864
Othman, Galawezh Obaid https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-6253
Hamid, Farzand F. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3884-4109
Salihi, Abbas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1342-2849
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Article History
Received: 1 June 2025
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 11 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the College of Nursing at Hawler Medical University, with the approval code number 19, granted on August 29th, 2024.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before they filled out the questionnaires.
: There are no reproduced materials in the current study.
: This study did not constitute a clinical trial and therefore did not require registration.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
