Sakai, Yuki https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5198-7257
Katsura, Kouji https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7341-4840
Kanemitsu, Yoshitomi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0209-224X
Kotake, Masaaki https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5433-4854
Toyama, Akira https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4802-2984
Article History
Received: 25 June 2025
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 13 November 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Niigata University School of Medicine (approval number: 2023-0315). As this was a retrospective observational study using existing medical records, we employed an opt-out method for obtaining consent in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects in Japan. Information about the study was publicly disclosed on the Niigata University School of Medicine website, providing participants with the opportunity to refuse participation. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.