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Authors
Hsu, Chia-Lu
Hsu, Li-Fan
To, Sheng-Yin
Lee, Cho-Hao
Wen, Yuan-Liang
Yang, Hui-Wen
Chen, I-Wen
Kao, Li-Ting https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0692-7408
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tri-Service General Hospital (TSGH-D-112127)
Tri-Service General Hospital (TSGH-E-113313)
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 111-2314-B-016-047-MY3)
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Article History
Received: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed by the Tri-Service General Hospital Institutional Review Board (TSGHIRB C202305093).
: Not applicable.
: Informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board because the study used deidentified secondary data from national health databases.
: Li-Ting Kao reports research funding outside the submitted work from IQVIA. No other disclosures were reported.
