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Authors
Terada, Tatsuto
Hirayama, Takatoshi
Sadahiro, Ryoichi
Wada, Saho
Yamaguchi, Junji
Nishikawa, Eri
Nakahara, Rika
Washizuka, Shinsuke
Matsuoka, Hiromichi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP24K23447)
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Article History
Received: 23 July 2025
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 10 December 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision) and relevant local regulations, including the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Biological Research Involving Human Subjects (Japan). The protocol was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of the National Cancer Center (approval number: 2018-130).
: The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective design. Opt-out information was published on the National Cancer Center Hospital website.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
