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Article History

Received: 8 April 2025

Accepted: 9 January 2026

First Online: 19 January 2026

Declarations

:

: All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The need for formal consent was waived by the Ethical Review Board for Life Science and Medical Research at Hokkaido University Hospital (approval number: 023–0017) for this retrospective study.

: Formal consent was not required for this retrospective study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.