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Authors
Schmid, Anja https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0398-2375
Ribaut, Janette https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0654-4052
De Geest, Sabina M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6596-7237
Valenta, Sabine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5598-9579
Zeiser, Robert https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6565-3393
Denhaerynck, Kris https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0304-5928
Kaier, Klaus https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0837-6945
Teynor, Alexandra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8141-0428
Leppla, Lynn https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0233-7304
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
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Article History
Received: 6 May 2025
Accepted: 4 March 2026
First Online: 17 March 2026
Declarations
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: All individual patients gave freely informed written consent prior study participation for all study procedures including a pseudonymized data collection, management and analysis as well as to a publication of the study results in an anonymized form and in a way that it is not possible to draw conclusions about individual participating patients.
: The main SMILe study and this SMILe sub-study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the ethics committee of the University Freiburg (EK 309/19) for the study site Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Germany, and the ethics committee of Northwest and Central Switzerland (EKNZ: 2021–00202) for the study site University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
