Nurhidayah, Ikeu
Rahayuwati, Laili
Agapito, Josephine D.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitas Padjadjaran
Article History
Received: 13 October 2025
Accepted: 13 March 2026
First Online: 16 March 2026
Declarations
:
: This study obtained ethical clearance from the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia (Approval No:KET-036/UN2.F12.D1.2.1/PPM.00.02/2023). All participants were fully informed about the study’s aims, procedures, and their rights, including the option to participate voluntarily and withdraw at any time without consequence. Written informed consent was obtained before data collection. Participants’ confidentiality and anonymity were maintained throughout the research process, with all data securely stored and reported in a manner that did not reveal identifiable information. The study adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and the standards outlined in the Indonesian Health Research Ethics Guidelines (KEPPKN).
: The authors declare no competing interests.