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Authors
Esparza, Victoria
Ramirez, Vicente
Nolden, Alissa
Stromberg, Kara
Parma, Valentina
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Article History
Received: 25 September 2025
Accepted: 16 March 2026
First Online: 2 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was based on publicly available, de-identified data from the U.S. National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), which is conducted annually by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). The NHIS is approved by the Research Ethics Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. No additional ethical approval from an Institutional Review Board (IRB) was required for this secondary data analysis.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in the study.
: The requirement for consent to publish is not applicable for this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
