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Article History

Received: 15 September 2025

Accepted: 17 March 2026

First Online: 16 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine at Islamic Azad University, Tehran (Approval Code: 1402.052). All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the national ethical guidelines of Iran. Prior to participation, all individuals were informed about the study objectives and provided written informed consent. Participation was voluntary; participants could withdraw at any time without penalty. Data were collected anonymously to protect confidentiality, and all analyses were performed at the group level.

: The authors declare no competing interests.