Smith, Justin
Chilkuri, Madhavi
Lindsay, Daniel
Merollini, Katharina M. D.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Townsville Hospital and Health Service Study, Education and Research Trust Account (2021_16)
James Cook University
Article History
Received: 17 June 2025
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 31 March 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of University of the Sunshine Coast (USC HREC Approval A221792) and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) Human Research Ethics Committee (EO2017/3/348). Approval for data extraction and linkage, including a waiver of consent, was sought from Queensland Health under the Public Health Act 2005 (grant RD007281).
: Patient consent was waived due to the use of de-identified, routinely collected administrative data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.