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Authors
Cheng, Xueyan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7510-7545
Chau, Pui Hing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0287-8020
Cheung, Denise Shuk Ting https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8741-9271
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Article History
Received: 14 December 2025
Accepted: 1 April 2026
First Online: 20 April 2026
Declarations
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: The protocols of NHANES were approved by the institutional review board of the National Centre for Health Statistics, CDC. The study was in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Written informed consent was obtained from each participant before participation in this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
