Gao, Shu-Rui
Zhu, Jie
Yan, Hui
Xu, Hao
Wu, Xin-Yue
Luo, Gui-Hui
Li, Xu-Ting
Ye, Man
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2025JJ81162))
“Qingmiao Project” of Hunan Nursing Association
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72204271)
Article History
Received: 14 November 2025
Accepted: 8 June 2026
First Online: 12 June 2026
Declarations
:
: This quantitative research involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Ethical approval was provided by the College Ethics Review Committee of Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University (Approval Number: E2023126). The date of ethical approval is June 16, 2023.
: The clinical trial was registered on August 16, 2023 (registration number: ChiCTR2300074801).
: All participants provided written informed consent for the publication of de-identified data and study findings related to their experience as lung cancer surgery patients. No individually identifiable information (e.g., names, medical record numbers, photos) is included in this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.