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Article History

Received: 28 March 2023

Accepted: 28 October 2024

First Online: 12 December 2024

Declarations

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: Two datasets of WSI, namely the data science bowl dataset and the ALL-IDB dataset, were used for experiments in this study. The data science bowl dataset was obtained from the Kaggle repository, while the ALL-IDB dataset was obtained on request to Università degli Studi di Milano. The data science bowl dataset is available at , and the ALL-IDB dataset can be obtained by submitting a request at . A few sample images from these datasets are shown in Fig. .

: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

: The authors ensure that this work is original.