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Authors
Anam, Khairul
Sudrajat, Ahmad
Rizal, Naufal Ainur
Intyanto, Gramandha Wega
Muldayani, Wahyu
Negara, Mohamad Agung Prawira
Sumardi,
Bukhori, Saiful
Gitakarma, Made Santo
Castellini, Claudio
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitas Jember (7575/UN25.3.1/LT/2023)
Direktorat Jenderal Penguatan Riset dan Pengembangan (108/E/KPT/2023)
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Article History
Received: 18 January 2024
Accepted: 2 May 2025
First Online: 3 June 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest regarding the research presented in this article.
: This research study has received ethical approval from the Ethical Committee of Medical Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, under protocol number No. 960/UN25.8/KEPK/DL/2020. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles, and all participants provided informed consent prior to their involvement in the study. The handling of sensitive data and the protection of participants’ privacy were of utmost concern throughout the research process. Any potential risks to participants were minimized and managed in strict adherence to ethical standards.
