Feng, Xue https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8921-7825
Liu, Shifeng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5996-3384
Funding for this research was provided by:
China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. (B23D00030)
National Social Science Foundation of China (22BTQ057)
Article History
Received: 8 November 2024
Accepted: 9 July 2025
First Online: 24 September 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.