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Article History

Received: 16 March 2026

Accepted: 12 July 2026

First Online: 3 October 2026

Declarations

Conflict of interest: The Authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics approval: This study involved human raters scoring model-generated text responses as part of the inter-rater reliability procedure. Raters were members of the research team who participated voluntarily and were fully informed of the study’s purpose and procedures. No personal data were collected from participants, and no individually identifiable information was generated or stored during the coding process. The model-generated responses scored in this study were produced by large language models in response to publicly available prompt types and do not contain personal or sensitive information. Data collection and analysis procedures complied with institutional guidelines for research involving minimal-risk human participation. No external funding bodies imposed additional ethics requirements beyond those described here.