Li, Tianci
Wang, Jin
Xu, Cheng
Xu, Bingxin
An, Ning
Zhang, Jiancheng
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research and Practice on Teaching Evaluation Mechanisms in the Intelligence Era (202411417002)
the National Language Commission Key Project (ZDI145-110)
the Beijing Municipal Education Working Committee Project (XXSZ2024GZ17)
the Beijing Scientific Research Innovation Team Project (BPHR20220121)
Article History
Received: 22 June 2025
Accepted: 30 December 2025
First Online: 3 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.