Zhu, Mingfu
Wang, Qiaoqiao
Ma, Chuanqi
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Key Scientific Research Project of Henan Province (231111210500)
the Key Scientific Research Project of Henan Province (231111210500)
the Key Scientific Research Project of Henan Province (231111210500)
the “ Double First-Class ” Discipline Development Project for Surveying and Mapping Science and Technology (GCCYJKT202513)
the “ Double First-Class ” Discipline Development Project for Surveying and Mapping Science and Technology (GCCYJKT202513)
the “ Double First-Class ” Discipline Development Project for Surveying and Mapping Science and Technology (GCCYJKT202513)
the Key Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province under Grant Number (26A520011)
the Key Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province under Grant Number (26A520011)
the Key Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province under Grant Number (26A520011)
Article History
Received: 11 September 2025
Accepted: 19 January 2026
First Online: 11 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest/competing interests in this work.