A survey of large language models: techniques, applications, and challenges
Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00530-026-02288-9
Published Online: 2026-05-06
Published Print: 2026-08
Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy
Ji, Jiajie
Zhao, Xueqing
Shi, Xin
Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-05-06
Version of Record valid from 2026-05-06
Article History
Received: 16 June 2025
Accepted: 11 February 2026
First Online: 6 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no Conflict of interest.