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Article History

Received: 4 February 2022

Accepted: 9 August 2022

First Online: 2 September 2022

Declarations

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: This research has not received funding from outside sources. There is no competitive interest to state and the paper has not been sent to another publication. This research is the product of work carried out previously over several decades and the data availability resides in my lab files and computer hard drives. I also state that all co-authors played different, but key roles, in bringing this summary article to its final state. Peeter Somelar and Chris Allen assisted in the field and the laboratory and supported the work with grants and their laboratories. Peeter did much of the mineral and chemical analyses using equipment at Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia. Chris did the meta-genomic work at Queens/Belfast which identified the bacteria anomaly identified in the ms. and he is continuing work on functional genes in selected sections in all three catchments identified in the ms. I carried out numerous analyses over the period 2004–2022, first in my laboratory at York University, and thereafter in my laboratory at home, and at the University of Toronto, Depts of Materials Science, Geology, as well as Surface Interface Ontario’s lab in Chemical Engineering. We all produced grants over the years to fund the research work, and in some years, I funded the project out-of-pocket, with additions from York University and the National Geographic Society. Peeter, Chris and I form the base team. Two others—Prof. Dave Krinsley (Oregon) and Prof. Volli Kalm (Tartu U., Estonia)—full partners who worked with us in this endeavor are sadly deceased since 2017.