Miwa, Takao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6373-260X
Hsu, Cynthia L.
Shimizu, Masahito
Bloom, Patricia P.
Schnabl, Bernd https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-825X
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP24K18908)
Uehara Memorial Foundation
Article History
Received: 1 February 2026
Accepted: 13 April 2026
First Online: 8 May 2026
Declarations
:
: B.S. has been consulting for Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Mabwell Therapeutics and Surrozen (prior 24 months). B.S.’s institution UC San Diego has received research support from Axial Biotherapeutics, ChromoLogic, CymaBay Therapeutics, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Appolo Therapeutics and Prodigy Biotech (prior 24 months). B.S. is the founder of Nterica Bio. UC San Diego has filed several patents with B.S. as inventor related to this work. P.B. has received research grants from Vedanta Biosciences and Bausch Health, and serves as a consultant for Nexilico Inc. The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest