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Article History

Received: 31 December 2019

Accepted: 22 February 2020

First Online: 28 March 2020

Compliance with ethical standards

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: D.S.K previously served as deputy editor for the journal <i>Neurology</i>, and he serves on a Data Safety Monitoring Board for Lundbeck and for the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network Trials Unit. He is an investigator in clinical trials sponsored by Biogen, Eli Lilly and Co, University of Southern California, and TauRx Therapeutics Ltd, and he receives research support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). R.C.P is the chair of Data Monitoring Committees for Pfizer Inc, GE Healthcare, and Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy, and he has served as a consultant for F. Hoffmann–La Roche AG; Biogen; Eisai Co, Ltd; Merck and Co, Inc; and Genentech, Inc. He receives royalties from sales of the book <i>Mild Cognitive Impairment</i> (Oxford University Press). T.N.W serves as a consultant to Medtronic in the role of chair of the Clinical Endpoint Committee for the Prodigy trial, and he has received research support (study equipment) from Respiratory Motion, Inc, and unrestricted investigator-initiated grants from Merck and Co, Inc, (completed) and Baxter International (completed). J.S, S.C.K, and M.L.L have nothing to disclose.

: In this retrospective study of elderly adults enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging whose preoperative cognitive status was known, preoperative cognitive impairment was associated with moderate–deep sedation during anesthesia recovery. Both cognitive impairment and moderate–deep sedation were associated with postoperative delirium.