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Authors
Sakurai, Kotaro
Takeda, Chikashi
Tanaka-Mizuno, Sachiko
Mizota, Toshiyuki
Egi, Moritoki
Kawakami, Koji https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7477-4071
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Article History
Received: 27 October 2025
Accepted: 9 January 2026
First Online: 23 January 2026
Declarations
:
: Koji Kawakami has received research funds from AstraZeneca K.K., Eisai Co., Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., OMRON Corporation, and Toppan Inc.; consulting fees from Advanced Medical Care Inc., JMDC Inc., LEBER Inc., Ubicom Holdings, Inc., Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd.; executive compensation from Cancer Intelligence Care Systems, Inc. and Mytreya Inc.; honoraria from Kyoto University Original Co., Ltd., Pharma Business Academy Ltd., Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and SANSHO Co., Ltd. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
: During the preparation of this work, the authors used ChatGPT to translate Japanese into English. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.
: Portions of this work were presented in Japanese at the 44th Annual Meeting of the Japan Society of Clinical Anesthesia (November 21–23, 2024; Tokyo, Japan) and were submitted as an abstract for the 2025 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (San Antonio, TX).
