Funding for this research was provided by:
RWTH Aachen University
Article History
Received: 5 December 2024
Revised: 31 July 2025
Accepted: 5 August 2025
First Online: 3 September 2025
Declarations
:
: Declarations of interest: none.
: No formal ethical approval was required for the study. We did not seek ethics committee approval because our study falls into a category that does not require such approval in Germany. This category includes all non-invasive, non-clinical research on human subjects, where the subjects are informed transparently about the purpose, aim, and risks of the studies and where these risks are reasonably low. At the outset of the study, participants were informed of the study’s purpose and the procedures in place to ensure the protection of their data. The data was only collected from individuals who were at least 18 years of age and who actively consented to participate in the study. Participation was possible to terminate at any time and participants received no incentive.
: The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of aggregated and anonymized data in scientific journals.
: During the preparation of this work the authors used DeepL Write to enhance the quality of the English text. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.