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Trends analysis of surgical procedures for cervical degenerative disc disease and myelopathy in patients with tobacco use disorder

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-017-5120-9

Published Online: 2017-05-09

Published Print: 2017-09

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Grisdela, Phillip Jr.

Buser, Zorica

D’Oro, Anthony

Paholpak, Permsak

Liu, John C.

Wang, Jeffrey C.
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Article History

Received: 23 December 2016

Revised: 4 April 2017

Accepted: 2 May 2017

First Online: 9 May 2017

Compliance with ethical standards

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: None of the authors has any potential conflict of interest.

: Financial disclosures outside of submitted work: ZB-Xenco Medical (consultancy), AO Spine (consultancy, past); JCW- Royalties: Aesculap, Biomet, Amedica, Seaspine, Synthes; Stock Ownership: Fziomed; Private Investments: Promethean Spine, Paradigm spine, Benevenue, NexGen, Vertiflex, electrocore, surgitech, expanding orthopaedics, osprey, bone biologics, curative biosciences, pearldiver; Board of Directors: North American Spine Society (non-financial, reimbursement for travel for board meetings, courses, etc.), North American Spine Foundation (non-financial), Cervical Spine Research Society (non-financial, reimbursement for travel for board meetings), AO Spine/AO Foundation (honorariums for board position); Fellowship Support: AO Foundation (spine fellowship funding paid to institution).