Callanan, Tucker C. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1752-5108
Brecevich, Antonio T.
Steiner, Craig D. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3939-920X
Xavier, Fred http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7458-3817
Iorio, Justin A. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7533
Abjornson, Celeste http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-8332
Cammisa, Frank P. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5797-977X
Article History
Received: 16 July 2018
Accepted: 14 November 2018
First Online: 3 December 2018
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: Dr. Antonio Brecevich discloses consulting and stock options from Vertical Spine. Dr. Justin Iorio discloses consulting and royalties from Medicrea. Dr. Frank Cammisa discloses stock options from Vertical Spine and research support from Integra Life Sciences. Dr. Celeste Abjornson discloses research support from Integra Life Sciences. For the remaining authors, no potential conflict of interests were declared. This study was approved by the Hospital for Special Surgery’s Institutional Review Board (IRB).
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. For this type of study, formal consent was not required.