Thomson, Alexandra E.
Thomas, J. Alex
Ye, Ivan
Olexa, Joshua
Miseo, Vincent
Buraimoh, Kendall
Cavanaugh, Daniel L.
Koh, Eugene Y.
Ludwig, Steven C. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3962-5724
Article History
Received: 4 September 2021
Revised: 15 December 2021
Accepted: 18 January 2022
First Online: 5 February 2022
Declarations
:
: IRB approval was obtained by the University of Maryland IRB (Protocol: HP-00097218) due to the retrospective nature of the study specific consent requirement was waived by the IRB. This study was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration, its amendments, and other equivalent ethical standards.
: Institutional IRB deemed this study was exempt from a written participant consent requirement due to the retrospective nature of the study.
: The authors report the following disclosures: consultant for and royalties from NuVasive; stock in TrackX Technologies; consultant for Biomet; board member for the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery, the American Orthopaedic Association, the Cervical Spine Research Society, and the Society for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery; consultant for DePuy Synthes and K2M/Stryker; board member for Nuvasive; receives payment for lectures and travel accommodations from DePuy Synthes and K2M/Stryker; payment for patents and royalties from DePuy Synthes; stock in Innovative Surgical Designs and the American Society for Investigative Pathology; research support from AO Spine North America Spine Fellowship support and AOA Omega Grant; is a board member of Maryland Development Corporation; royalties from Thieme, Quality Medical Publishers; editorial board member of Journal of Spinal Disorders and Techniques, The Spine Journal, and Contemporary Spine Surgery.
: The views expressed in the submitted article are our own and not an official position of the institution.
: The data generated and analyzed during the current study is available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.
: Not applicable.