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Article History

Received: 6 June 2023

Revised: 31 August 2023

Accepted: 11 September 2023

First Online: 25 September 2023

Declarations

:

: No conflicts of interest for the current study. Disclosures outside of submitted work: MCG - Product Design/Royalties: Integrity Spine; Grants/ Research support: AO Spine (Paid directly to institution/employer); MiMedx (past, Paid directly to institution/employer), Nexus Spine (Paid directly to institution/employer), Medical Metrics (Paid directly to institution/employer); ZB – Grants/ Research support: AO Spine (Paid directly to institution/employer); Nexus Spine (Paid directly to institution/employer), Medical Metrics (Paid directly to institution/employer); MiMedx (past, Paid directly to institution/employer), SBIR NIH (past, Paid directly to institution/employer); Medical Metrics (past, Paid directly to institution/employer); Next Science (past, Paid directly to institution/employer); Consultancy: Next Science (paid directly to institution/employer); NIH (pending, advisor consultant); Scientific Advisory Board: Medtronic, Medical Metrics; Trips/Travel: AO Spine (Travel Expense Reimbursement, travel reimbursements for AO Spine Knowledge forum meetings and congresses), NASS (Travel Expense Reimbursement); Board of Directors: LSRS (Nonfinancial, Co-chair Program Committee); Committees: AO Spine Knowledge Forum Degenerative (Steering Committee Member); North American Spine Society: Research Project Management Committee (Vice chair), Section on Biologics & Basic Research (Co-chair), The Spine Journal Peer Reviewers (Committee member). Patents (issued): Biomarkers for painful intervertebral discs and methods of use thereof.