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Authors
El-Hajj, Victor Gabriel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9479-761X
Staartjes, Victor E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1039-2098
Charalampidis, Anastasios https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5228-738X
Nilsson, Gunnar https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5464-8609
Gerdhem, Paul https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8061-7163
Edström, Erik https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8781-1169
Elmi-Terander, Adrian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3776-6136
Åkerstedt, Josefin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5920-293X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Umea University
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Article History
Received: 19 March 2025
Revised: 15 April 2025
Accepted: 23 April 2025
First Online: 10 May 2025
Declarations
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: Like most Swedish quality registers, the Swespine Registry employs an opt-out method for patient participation. This means that data can be collected and automatically used from the registry unless a patient actively dissents. Answering the patient-reported outcome questionnaires is voluntary. The study complied with the ethical considerations of the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Stockholm; 2012/206/31 − 1, 2018/2746-32, 2020/00193, and 2021/04773.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
