Wang, Yuchao
Bai, Xuepeng
Li, Ting
Yuan, Sen
Zong, Shuli
Chen, Yungang
Wang, Hao
Song, Zhen
Wang, Hongchao
Hao, Yanke
Qu, Yiwei
Liu, Junhui
Zhang, Qiang
Liu, Guoyan
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Provinc (No.ZR2024MH251)
the Key Project of Shandong Medical and Health Technology (No. 202404070869)
the Science and Technology Development Plan of Jinan Health Commission (CN) (No. 2023-2-3)
Article History
Received: 7 September 2024
Revised: 20 April 2025
Accepted: 19 June 2025
First Online: 2 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shandong Province Public Health Clinical Research Center (approval number: GWLCZXEC2024-112-1). Because this study was retrospective and observational in nature, the Ethics Committee of Shandong Provincial Public Health Clinical Center waived the requirement to obtain informed consent.
: The author reports no disclosures.