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Authors
Narayanan, Rajkishen
Dalton, Jonathan
Baek, Gregorio
McCurdy, Michael A.
Issa, Tariq Z.
Oris, Robert J.
Tomlak, Alexa
Lee, Yunsoo
McCall, Kenneth
Norceide, Dodger
Mangan, John J.
Kurd, Mark F.
Kaye, Ian David
Canseco, Jose A.
Hilibrand, Alan S.
Vaccaro, Alexander R.
Kepler, Christopher K.
Schroeder, Gregory D.
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Article History
Received: 3 September 2025
Accepted: 6 September 2025
First Online: 9 October 2025
Declarations
:
: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article. The authors, their immediate family, and any research foundation with which they are affiliated did not receive any financial payments or other benefits from any commercial entity related to the subject of this article. There are no relevant disclosures. The authors have no potential conflict of interest to disclose relevant to the submitted work.
: This is an IRB-approved retrospective study (approval #19D.508). All patient information was de-identified and patient consent was not required. Patient data will not be shared with third parties. This research was conducted without any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. All data utilized in this study were sourced from institutional records. The authors have no funding to disclose relevant to the submitted work.
: The drug(s) mentioned in this study is FDA-approved or approved by corresponding national agency for this indication.
