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Authors
El-Hajj, Victor Gabriel
Ranganathan, Sruthi
de Wilde, Daniel
Jonason, Alec
Staartjes, Victor E.
Vigren, Patrick
Atallah, Elias
Edström, Erik
Elmi-Terander, Adrian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Karolinska Institute
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Article History
Received: 3 May 2025
Revised: 20 June 2025
Accepted: 2 October 2025
First Online: 11 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that the article and its contents were composed in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
: Patient inclusion in the Swespine registry follows an opt-out model, thus informed consent is not required. Participation in follow-up questionnaires is voluntary. This study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr: 2020 − 00193 and 2021–04773).
