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Disparity between early radiographic decompression and one-year patient satisfaction after single-level LLIF: proposal of the structural improvement score (SIS) and QOL improvement score (QIS)

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-025-09595-1

Published Online: 2025-11-26

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Hiyama, Akihiko

Sakai, Daisuke

Katoh, Hiroyuki

Sato, Masato

Watanabe, Masahiko
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Tokai University, Isehara Campus
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-11-26

Version of Record valid from 2025-11-26
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Article History

Received: 27 July 2025

Revised: 13 October 2025

Accepted: 12 November 2025

First Online: 26 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no relevant conflicts of interest.

: Consent for publication was obtained from all participants in this study.

: Formal consent is not required for this type of study.

: This study was conducted by ethical standards and received approval from the Ethics Committee and the Profit Reciprocity Committee.

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