Malik, Azeem Tariq
Quatman, Carmen E.
Phieffer, Laura S.
Ly, Thuan V.
Wiseman, Jessica
Khan, Safdar N.
Article History
Received: 25 June 2018
Accepted: 18 August 2018
First Online: 8 September 2018
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: Authors Safdar N. Khan and Thuan Ly have received research grants from Spinal Kinetics.
: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and the hospitals participating in the ACS-NSQIP are the source of the data used herein; they have not verified and are not responsible for the statistical validity of the data analysis or the conclusions derived by the authors.