Salazar, Brett P. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7913-6047
Chen, Michael J.
Bishop, Julius A.
Gardner, Michael J.
Article History
Received: 24 June 2020
Accepted: 10 September 2020
First Online: 19 September 2020
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: Dr. Gardner receives personal fees from Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Biocomposites, BoneSupport AB, Conventus, Globus Medical, StabilizOrtho, Synthes, and from KCI outside of the submitted work. Dr. Bishop receives personal fees from Globus Medical and Innomed outside of the submitted work. None of the remaining authors have any disclosures to report. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors, and no material support of any kind was received.
: This retrospective chart review study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Stanford University approved this study.