Document is current

Article History

Received: 25 July 2025

Accepted: 16 November 2025

First Online: 15 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Philippe Cattin is one of the founders of Specto Medical ® . To mitigate potential bias, he was not involved in the planning of the study and independent data analysis was conducted by a biostatistician.None of the authors received financial compensation or direct funding by another party. Artificial bones and surgical instruments, as well as a company representative were provided by Depuy Synthes (Johnson & Johnson) for the reason of training the residents with the implants. We were permitted to use the premises and VR headsets with the VR Software Specto 5.0.0. of Specto Medical ® . Neither party was involved in the study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, or writing of this paper. There aren’t any restrictions regarding submitting the report for publication; or a statement declaring that the supporting source had no such involvement or restrictions regarding publication. Only Authors had access to the study data and the data was not provided to the companies. One of the co-authors is one of the founders of Specto Medical ® . To mitigate potential bias, he was not involved in the planning of the study and independent data analysis was conducted by a biostatistician.

: Ethics approval is legally not required as no human or animal specimen were used in this study.