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Authors
Maroun, Ralph
Daher, Mohammad
Cottrill, Ethan
Youssef, Bryan
Maalouf, Yorgho
Samaha, Moussa
Hurley, Richard K.
Lavelle, William F.
Passias, Peter G.
Diebo, Bassel
Sebaaly, Amer
Daniels, Alan H.
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Article History
Received: 8 September 2025
Accepted: 28 November 2025
First Online: 6 January 2026
Declarations
:
: AHD discloses the following, receives royalties from Spineart and Stryker, consulting fees from Medtornic, research support from Alphatec, Medtronic, and Orthofix, and Fellowship support from Medtronic. AS discloses consulting fees from Medtornic. WFL discloses the following, receives consulting fees from Abryx, Cerapedics, Depuy, Empirical spine, Medtronic, Spinal Kinectics Inc, and is on the scientific advisory board of Innovasis, Vertiflex, TruSpine, and 3 Spine. PGP reports the following: royalties from Royal Biologics, consulting fees from Globus medical, research support from ISTO biologics and Medtronic, other support from Cerapedics, honorarium from SpineWave, and is on the editorial board of Spine, JCM, and JNS Spine. The remaining authors have no relevant conflicts of interest. BGD reports the following: receives consulting fees from Clariance, SpineArt, and SpineVision.
