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Non-tobacco nicotine dependence and incidence of pseudarthrosis and other postoperative complications in lumbar fusion surgery: a retrospective analysis

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00590-026-04714-0

Published Online: 2026-03-14

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Lawand, Jad J.

Ghali, Abdullah

Morrow, Joshua T.

Birhiray, Dion

Khalafallah, Youssef M.

Deveza, Lorenzo
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-03-14

Version of Record valid from 2026-03-14
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Article History

Received: 10 November 2025

Accepted: 22 February 2026

First Online: 14 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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